Prepare the oven. Preheat the oven to 350°F.
Prepare the pan. Grease a 9-inch round cake pan and line the bottom with parchment paper.
Mix the dry ingredients. Whisk together the flour, baking powder, baking soda, and salt.
Cream the butter and sugar. Beat the softened butter, granulated sugar, and lemon zest until lighter and creamy, about 2–3 minutes.
Add the eggs. Beat in the eggs one at a time until incorporated.
Add the remaining wet ingredients. Mix in the vanilla, lemon juice, and Greek yogurt until combined.
Combine the batter. Add the dry ingredients and fold gently until no dry flour remains. Do not overmix.
Prepare the blueberries. Toss the blueberries with 1 tablespoon of flour.
Fold in the blueberries. Gently fold most of the blueberries into the batter, reserving a small handful for the top.
Fill the pan. Transfer the batter to the prepared pan and smooth the surface.
Add the remaining blueberries. Scatter the reserved blueberries evenly over the top.
Bake. Bake at 350°F for 38–45 minutes, until the edges are golden and a toothpick inserted into the center comes out with a few moist crumbs but no wet batter.
Cool. Let the cake cool in the pan for 10–15 minutes.
Finish cooling. Transfer the cake to a wire rack and let it cool completely before slicing.